NCEA Level 3 Biology Speciation Practice Exam 2025 – Complete Study Guide

Ecological isolation occurs when different species or populations live in the same geographical area but occupy different habitats, leading to limited interactions and mating opportunities. This type of isolation is crucial as it prevents genetic exchange between these populations, even though they might be physically close to one another. For example, different species of frogs may inhabit different types of environments, such as one preferring forested areas and another thriving in open fields. These habitat preferences reduce the chances of interbreeding, thereby promoting speciation.

In contrast, the other types of isolation mentioned are characterized by different mechanisms. Temporal isolation refers to species being active or reproducing at different times (seasons, times of day), geographical isolation involves physical barriers preventing populations from coming into contact, and behavioural isolation revolves around differences in mating rituals or behaviors that prevent species from successfully mating.